Drugs and brain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Drugs and brain - Research Paper Example It is advisable to take legal drugs for recreation since the bureau of standards checks them whereas illegal drugs may be unfit for human consumption since no standardization is done. Drugs acts on the brain by altering the normal functioning of the body which can be either sudden or with time. Normally, the brain communicates through neurotransmitters, which are recycled once they have performed their function. When a drug is introduced in to the human body, it leads to excess transmitters in the brain since it inhibits their recycling and this result to exaggerated functioning of the brain leading to the visual or psychological effects of the drug. Drugs are chemical substances that alter the normal functioning of the body. People take drugs with different motives, some follow doctors prescription while others take drugs for pleasure. Drugs can be either legal or illegal. Legal drugs include medicines, which are taken to relief the body from pain and illnesses and recreational drugs like beer, and cigarettes, which are taken for pleasure. Drugs can either be manufactured like or obtained naturally. For example, medicines like Aspirin and paracetamol and recreational drugs like beer and heroine are manufactured drugs while most herbal medicines and recreational drugs like tobacco are obtained naturally (Watts, 2004). The human brain is part of the nervous system enclosed in the cranium and consists of a soft convoluted mass of gray and white matter weighing around three pounds. The brain is the most necessity in human beings since it controls every functioning of the body. The human brain is divided into three main parts, the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem and each part performs a specific function. The cerebrum is the outermost part of the brain and divided in to four sections called lobes. Lobes are responsible for processing signals from our senses thus enabling us to see, smell,

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example Cloud computing refers to a new method of adding capabilities to computers through investment of hardware or infrastructures (Sun Microsystem, 2009). In this case, it does not acquisition of software, licensing or training programs of employees. In fact, it offers substantial business applications through the internet, which are accessed from a web. Web 2.0 involves application of Web technologies to the Web in a way that offers control to users through interactive visual presentation. Uses of Cloud Computing and Web 2.0 Cloud computing offers services accessed by businesses from different parts of the world. In fact, the cloud that is accessed by different users across the world is located at a single point to serve all customers and satisfy their needs. Cloud computing enables users and firms to access various software and storage services whenever they need them at a low cost; in fact, this form of deployment is called Software as Services (SaaS). Web 2.0 involves integration of W eb technologies in order to enable automation of a significant part of users’ action during the process of browsing (Guha, 2009). In this case, it enables direct embedment of target webpage into user browser, furthermore, Web 2.0 has facilitated technological advancements that enabled browsing the Web on small devices such as mobile phones, through reliance on Web API, Rich Site Summaries (RSS) and Atom feeds. Required Technology to Use these Tools Cloud computing and Web 2.0 requires infrastructure that entails reliable services that are offered through data centers and built on serves; in fact, these severs have different echelon of virtualization technologies (Handler, Shadbolt, Hall, Berners-Lee & Weitzner, 2008). Therefore, cloud computing require physical manifestation of data centers, whereby computing and storage is shifted from users’ device to a remote location having a large collection of serves, network equipment and storage systems. On the other hand, Clou d computing and Web 2.0 requires computing components such as CPUs and memory, which serves as recipients of two thirds of total energy consumed by servers. Benefits of Using Cloud Computing Setting up infrastructure for cloud computing such as acquisition of serves, data centers, database administrators is a role taken by services provides, users or business pay a price to access these services based on their usage (Sun Microsystem, 2009). Resources management and maintaining infrastructure is taken by the service providers, thereby making the processes of setting up simple. On the other hand, cloud offers increased reliability on network and data access, which is guaranteed and maintained by service providers. In addition, cloud computing offers a significant level of flexibility since data can be accessed from anywhere by users. Benefits of Using Web 2.0 Web 2.0 facilitates free flow of information among internet users, whereby they are able to share ideas and opinions about thei r business. Web 2.0 enables personalization of internet services based on different users’ needs and preferences. It has also facilitated acquisition of information based on users’ requirements, by making websites in a way that provides interactive interface, which is user friendly. In addition, Web 2.0 enables internet users to have easy navigation

Analyzing Jobs at Custom Carpet Cleaning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing Jobs at Custom Carpet Cleaning - Essay Example The four aspects that the Job analysis should cover are: a) what job the employee does. b) The process followed by the employee to accomplish the task. c) The area of operation handled by the employee. d) The qualification of the employee, which involves the skills, knowledge and abilities requisite (Franklin, p.2). In the case given the approach applied by Bob to conduct a Job analysis is very pragmatic yet not very complete. Bob has decided to conduct a survey in all the outlets of the Custom Carpet Cleaning to get clarity regarding the jobs carried out by all the outlets. Bob is conducting this survey to understand the reason behind the discrepancies in the salary structure amongst the different outlets of the company. The company has two kind of services one specifically for the residential clients and the other specifically for industrial clients. The survey conducted by Bob will have one respondent from each outlet. This will help Bob to understand the variation in the tasks carried out in different outlets. This survey will give Bob a schematic overview regarding the difference in the operations carried out by the various outlets. Bob will understand the difference in the approach, skills and responsibility of all the employees posted for the same post but at different outlets. The posts available at various outlets require employees with different set of skills and approach. The machinery used and the methodology applied by the employees to complete their task also depends on the kind of job assigned to them. A job analysis will let Bob segregate the jobs which though have similar designation yet vary in the terms of the responsibility carried out by the employees. Bob will be able to sketch out the different job descriptions depending on the specific requirements. He will be able to allocate the salary structure depending on the job description and skills required. However the method applied by Bob is not complete as he will be surveying only one employee from each outlet. Within the same outlet the approach and the responsibilities may differ and Bob should consider surveying a larger sample from each outlet. 2. What can be done to improve this job analysis process? Ans 2. The method applied by Bob to conduct the job analysis can be improved by increasing the num ber of respondents surveyed by Bob. Bob must first utilize the online research done by him and divide the various jobs carried out by the employees. From each outlet at least 10% of the employees should be selected as respondents for the purpose of the survey. Bob should also select the employees who are being given more than the usual salary slab. The employees who are being given less than usual pay should also be included in the survey. To make the survey more accurate the supervisors should also be handed out a questionnaire. The questionnaire given to all the supervisors should have questions regarding the various job profiles in their respective branches. The supervisors should be asked to fill information regarding the various job profiles in their outlet along with the skills and knowledge required for each profile. The questionnaire formulated for the supervisors should also have questions regarding the various techniques applied in the various job profiles. By including mo re employees and supervisors in the survey Bob will be able to get a more accurate picture regarding the different job profiles present in different outlets. Since the purpose of Bob’

Dataming testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Dataming testing - Essay Example Additionally, the preponderance of individuals with type 1 diabetes greatly outweighs those with type 2. Fig. 7.1 Gender Figure 7.2 is the histogram that examines patients with both hypertension and diabetes. Of the total sample population the chart indicates that 176 patients had hypertension and a form of diabetes. Conversely, there were 185 patients who had diabetes with no sign of hypertension. Ultimately, close to half of the patients sampled had both diabetes and hypertension. Fig. 7.2 Patients with Hypertension Figure 7.3 is the Fasting Blood Sugar test (FBS). The majority of the patients tested fell between the 100-280 mg/dl range. Still, a number of patients had fell above the 300 mg/dl range, so this is not uncommon. Fig. 7.3 Fasting Blood Sugar Test for the Patient Figure 7.4 depicts the results for the Blood Sugar tests (HbA1c) that were administered. Of the approximately 140 patients that were administered this test, the average HbA1c score for individuals having diabete s was 5-9%. Additionally, the chart indicates that for patients with type 1 diabetes there was a significantly higher propensity of HbA1c, with an average rate of 10-13%. Fig. 7.4 Average Blood Sugar Test for the Patient The chart depicted in Figure 7.5 demonstrates the tests with patients taking metformin. As demonstrated, the test consists of 188 patients who took this medicine and 167 patients who did not take it. The results demonstrate that of the patients that took metformin most are diabetic type 2 patients. Only a small number of diabetic type 1 patients take metformin. Fig. 7.5 Patients Taking Metformin Medication Figure 7.6 considers the patients with diabetes in relation to their age. A notable division occurs here. Namely, patients between 30-70 years old have the highest rate of type 2 diabetes. This shifts with individuals age 5-18, as type 1 diabetes dominates this age bracket. Fig. 7.6 Age of the Patients Figure 7.7 is a diagram depiction of patients with hyperlipide mia. The results indicate that 183 patients have hyperlipidemia, the majority of them also having type 2 diabetes. For type 1 diabetes patients, the majority do not have hyperlipidemia. Fig. 7.7 Patients With Hyperlipidemia Figure 7.8 examines the relation between the patients’ with diabetes and their weight. The chart seems to demonstrate a correlation between the two inputs, as patients between the 70-112 kg range experience the highest levels of type 2 diabetes. Fig. 7.8 Weight of the Patients in Kg Figure 7.9 considers patients with diabetes who also are taking insulin medication. Of the 100 patients taking insulin medication the majority of individuals with type 1 diabetes take it. Conversely, most individuals with type 2 diabetes do not take it. Fig. 7.9 Patients Taking Insulin Medication Figure 7.10 considers patients with an abnormal heart condition because of vascular problems unrelated to diabetes. The diagram demonstrates that most of the patients with diabetes hav e a normal heart condition, but there is a small number of patients suffering from heart disease. Fig. 7.10 Patient Heart Condition Figure 7.11 examines the patients who took glidazide as medication. 92 patients out of the 257 took glidazide. All of these patients had type 2 diabetes. Fig. 7.11 Patients Taking Glidazide After the above histograms were established and analyzed, a comparative analysis implementing

Engineering Materials Essay on Polypyrrole Essay Example for Free

Engineering Materials Essay on Polypyrrole Essay 1.0 Introduction to Polypyrrole The reason of this report is to determine the effects of temperature on the thermal, physical and mechanical properties of Polypyrrole. And then conclude the possible applications of this polymer according to its properties. Known as the conducting polymer, it is a black insoluble material according to Richard Doyle (2011), usually in the form of a thin film. It was the first polyacetylene-derivative to show high conductivity. Over the years it has become one of the most studied and extensively applied conducting polymer due to the reason being that it can be easily prepared, has high conductivity and has relatively greater stability amongst other heteroatom containing polymers. It is made up of monomers that are amines attached to aromatic rings. Some of the physical properties of Polypyrrole, as mentioned on WolframAlpha (2011), it has a Melting Point temperature of  573.15K and as identified by T.F. Otero, J.J Lopez Cascales and G Vazquez Arenas. (2005), Young’s Modulus was found to be of 310 MPa. The Glass Transition State, as indicated by P. Syed Abthagir and R. Saraswathi (2004), in their report Thermal stability of polypyrrole prepared from a ternary eutectic melt, was found to be 545k. 2.0 Methodology of the simulation tests In order to determine the effect of Temperature on Polypyrrole, simulations were carried out using the simulation software called Materials Studio. 2.1 Model Generations 1) The monomer of polypyrrole known as pyrrole was imported from software library and shown. To make presentable the display style was chosen to be â€Å"Ball and Stick† by right clicking the model. 2) Then to make the polymer the â€Å"Build Polymer† was selected from â€Å"Build† tab and chosen Current Project from library menu. Chain Length was re-arranged to 5 monomers to fit on screen for simulation purposes. 3) Click â€Å"Window† tab from Title Bar and chose â€Å"Tile Vertically† as Display Style. Then Click on any of the two pictures and right click and select â€Å"Display Style†, navigate to Legends tab and uncheck Show axis indicator. Then go to background and change it to White to comply with report’s page background. Follow the same instructions for the other picture also. 4) Then right click on any of the two pictures and chose â€Å"Label†, change the font to 16 and change text colour to Black, then chose â€Å"Element Symbol† from Properties and press close. Repeat this step for the other picture as well. 5) Select 3D viewer from the buttons above to fit to screen for both pictures and then from â€Å"File† click Export, change the format to â€Å".bmp† and save to simulations folder. 2.2 Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties 1) Now from the generated model choose the Polymer and go to â€Å"Modules† tab and choose second last option known as â€Å"Synthia†. From the setup adjust the temperature to 200-800 and steps to 60. 2) Then go to properties, Select all the properties with â€Å"CTRL A† and uncheck them and then only select Density from Thermo-physical Filter and Brittle Fracture Stress from Mechanical Filter. Then Calculate. Export the results as MS Excel file and save to simulations folder to be used later. 3.0 Results and Discussions All the results and there conclusions are mentioned here on. The results of simulation include effects of temperature on Glass Transition Temperature, Brittle Fracture Stress and Density. 3.1 Model Generation The model for simulation was generated with the following monomer (Pyrrole) having this structure (Figure 1.0): Figure 1.0 Structure of Pyrrole The monomer is made up of an aromatic ring which is an amine due to its bonding with NH group. The basic formula is C4H4NH. There is a delocalised pair of electrons on Nitrogen. At position 2, 3, 4 and 5 each carbon atom is bonded to one hydrogen atom. Positions 2-3 and 4-5 have double bonds between the carbon atoms. Although pyrrole belongs to an amine group but it has relatively low basicity because of the lone pair of electrons of Nitrogen in the aromatic ring. The monomers synthesis to form the polymer, Polypyrrole: Figure 1.1 Structure of Polypyrrole The polymer is synthesised in two manners, electrically and chemically. In Figure 1.1, a chain of 5 repeat units is used. The preferred bond formation in the aromatic ring occurs at position 2 and 5. In support to the Wan Der Walls forces, there is also hydrogen bonding of side chains between Nitrogen and Hydrogen thus forming a Branched structure of the polymer. Since the structure consists of Benzene ring so it gives the polymer a very rigid form. 3.2 Thermal, Physical and Mechanical Properties 3.2.1 Study on thermal property (Glass transition temperature, Tg) According to Notes by Mr Lim SC (2012), â€Å"Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) is the specific temperature at which a non-crystalline material changes it state from being Glassy/Brittle to being Ductile or rubbery.† With the help of Simulation, the following Results table was devised for Pyrrole.

History Of The Irish Republican Army History Essay

History Of The Irish Republican Army History Essay We have been told, we have been asked to hope, that after this war Ireland will get Home Rule, as a reward for the lifeblood shed in a cause which, whomever else its success may benefit, can surely not benefit Ireland (Casement, 1916). Ireland has a long and blood history involving their fight of freedom from religious oppression, rulers and land. It should be no wonder to most that due to these issues in Ireland rebel groups, some labeled terrorists, rose up to fight against the oppression. One such group is the Irish Republican Army, which has been in existence for a little less than 100 years. In order to understand this complex terrorist group one must first look at the history of Ireland, the methodologies and ideologies of this group as well as present and future threats this group faces. St. Patrick was born around 400 A.D. in Britain to a very religious family; his father a Christian deacon. It is claimed young St. Patrick was taken by a group of Irish bandits and held prisoner in Ireland for approximately six years. Once released, St. Patrick attempted to leave Ireland and return to his native Britain. It is stated that St. Patrick received a vision for God while returning to Britain after his capture that he was to remain in Ireland and spread the word of God, hence St. Patrick is credited for bringing Christianity to Ireland which would set the stage for religious conflict several hundred years later (Who Was St. Patrick, n.d., n.p.). Although religion was introduced very early in Irelands history, it did not appear to cause many problems until the issue of Catholicism versus Protestantism. England continued to seize control of Ireland between the 1100s and the 1500s leading the land to be ruled by predominant protestant leaders who attempted to bring in their protestant rules but failed (Henry VIII). This in turn United the Irish Catholics to fight harder for freedom of religion and creating and even bigger wedge between the people and their ruler. These revolts (Ulster Revolt) that the new King, King James I attempted to provide land to protestant settlers in an attempt to create peace. This however old made the wedge greater as now Catholics were fearful of losing the majority and their land (Northern Ireland Timeline, n.d., n.p.). James II came to rule Ireland in the late 1600s and attempted to outlaw many of the anti-Catholic laws which lead to a falling out between him and his counterparts in England. In short as a result of this fighting and his inability to satisfy his counterparts in England, William of Orange was encouraged by Britain to take the thrown. As a result James II fled to Ireland in what would be known as the Glorious Revolution. The Battle of Boyne taking place approximately two years later involved the two in which William of Orange defeated James IIs attempt to regain control of the throne (Northern Ireland Timeline, n.d., n.p.). Another significant event in Irelands history which also ignited Irelands hatred for its British rulers was the Potato Famine. Although many people in Ireland grew many different crops such as wheat and oats, potatoes was a very big staple in their diet. Between 1845 and 1848 the crops in Ireland failed leading to over a million Irish to starve to death. As a result of this incident several fled and relocated in different areas. One of the biggest problems the Irish had was that their British rules and the country of England failed to provide any type of support such as more for fear the Irish would revolt and use the money to buy arms to overrule their government. This led to an even deeper hatred of the British for their refusal to help in a time of need. Approximately twenty years later Charles Parnell felt to solve this issue of Ireland knowing whats best for Ireland, he helped introduce a bill that Ireland should be ruled by Irish Parliament (Home Rule Bill). This bill was introduced once in 1886 and again in 1893 failing both times due to fear that the parliament would consist mainly of Catholics and not equal representation of the Irish. As a result of this failed bill Sinn Fein was formed. Sinn Fein, meaning we the people was an organization that was formed to free Ireland from British rule and regain independence for Ireland as its own separate entity. Although the bill failed two times, a third Home Rule Bill was passed a third time in 1912 (set to become law in 1914) causing major discord in Ireland. As a result of this discord, the proposed solution was to introduce Home Rule with Partition; six Protestant counties would stay a part of the United Kingdom. The IRA was formed from approximately 1000 rebels of the Irish Volunteers decided to take advantage of the fact that Britain was losing the battle with Germany and attempted to declare Ireland its own sovereign entity. This rebellion became known as Easter Rising, as these rebels took over the Dublin Post Office on Easter Monday in an attempt to take back Ireland. British forces did not take kindly to this rebellion and brought troops to this location in an attempt to re-claim the post office. The fighting last for approximately five days and resulted in 400 deaths and over 2,500 injuries. The rebels ultimately lost and ultimately were punished by death. These rebels became known as the Irish Republican Army. The Irish Republican Army as stated above was formed in approximately 1916 after the Easter Rising. The Irish Republican Armys goal is to free Ireland from British rule. They also wanted to remove the British troops from Ireland and unite the country to rule itself. The Irish Republican Army has method of getting its message across includes bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, beatings, smuggling, extortion and robberies (Pike, 2005, n.p.). The Irish Republican Army gets its funding and training from an unlikely source; The PLO and Libya. The Irish Republican Army receives training, money and weaponry from this country and this other terrorist organization (Pike, 2005, n.p.). It should also come as no surprise that Sinn Fein also supports this organization as well as sympathizers from many different countries to include the United States. Although the IRA could be considered one of the main terrorist organizations in Ireland there are also a few splinter groups that originated from the IRA. First is the Provisional Irish Republican Army. The Provisional Irish Republican Army formed off in late 1960s as a result of the hard crackdown by the protestants in Ireland. The IRA was committed to peaceful means of getting a united Ireland while the new splinter group Provisional Irish Republican Army (also known as PIRA or Provos) were seeking change through violence. In short, this new splinter group was the more violent of the two and attempted violent physical acts in an attempt to get their message across (Gregory, 2010, n.p.). Another splinter group of the IRA is the Real IRA which was formed in 1997 in response to those who were displeased with the peace talks that occurred around this time with the British authorities. It is estimated that this splinter group has about 100 followers (Fletcher, 2008, n.p.). This group also appears to distrust Sinn Fein and disapprove of its role that it has in the IRA. Ireland has had a history of discord and unrest but it is important to note the most recent period of discord known as The Troubles that occurred between 1968 and 1998. During this time there were many issues and fighting between Catholics and Protestants. Also during this time were many protests and marches in an effort to protect their civil rights. One of the most famous incidents during this time frame was Bloody Sunday. Bloody Sunday took place on January 30, 1972. During a march of over 1000 people in Derry and British militant without warning or cause shot and killed thirteen catholic protesters. The soldier at the time was acquitted of any wrong doing causing outrage as this march/protest was peaceful. Several years later the British would however, admit their wrong doing. This outrage led the IRA to set off 26 car bombs in Belfast killing 9 people and injuring approximately 130 (Frontline, 2007, n.p.). This outrage and acts of terror would continue for many years. The IRA wo uld continue on its bombing campaign and other acts of terrorism until peace talks in approximately 1996/1997. The Belfast Agreement occurred on April 10, 1998. This Agreement was between the British, Sinn Fein and the IRA. Sinn Fein was invited on the condition that a six week cease come into place. During the negotiations in 1997 the Irish Republican Army retracted its cease fire in July of 1997 causing this agreement to take approximately one year to work out between the parties. The Belfast Agreement stated many things. First, Ireland could not be considered a united independent country without the majority of those living in Northern Ireland. Second, those in the north had the right to refer to themselves as either British or Irish and that was not to cause any discord. This agreement also set up a north/south council to keep both sides best interest at heart. This agreement was well received by the Irish and on May 23, 1998 a referendum showed an overwhelming support for this agreement (Timeline, n.d., n.p.). Since this agreement in 1998 it appears that the IRA has been contained. There have however still been illegal activities being executed by the IRA. According to one source, in 2004 the IRA was implicated in two sever robberies with one involving almost 50 million dollars (Pike, 2005, n.p.). A short while later the IRA also put an end to it armed violent campaign. The current leader, Óglaigh na hÉireann issued a statement on July 25, 2005 that he was ordering all his armed forces to dump their arms. In this statement he also indicated that although he still believed in their cause (to rid the country of British rule and unite Ireland into its own entity), he felt this could be accomplished through no violent means (Kuznicki, M., Willet, C., Griffin, M., Manley, E., Matten, R., n.d., n.p.). In conclusion, it appears for now that the IRA has taken a less violent turn. It should be noted however that although the IRA appears to be giving up arms there are many splinter groups and sympathizers with this organization all over the world that have not agreed to a treaty. It seems that the key to less violence is for British troops to stay out of Ireland and allow that country to continue on its own path.

islam :: essays research papers

The Founder   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muhammad was born in Mecca, Arabia, in AD 570. His father died before he was born and his mother died when he was only a child. He was first raised by his grandfather and later by his uncle Abu Talib. He lived with a desert tribe for a while and learned how to shepherd the flocks. At age 25, he began to serve a wealthy widow aged 40 by the name Khadija. They got married and had two sons and four daughters. The two sons died early. One of his daughters married his uncle Abu Talib’s son Ali.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Arabia at that time was under bloody civil wars, political corruptions, and oppression of the poor. Muhammad felt the cal of Allah to preach against the present system. He began preaching in AD 610 but faced resistance from his own people. They threatened to kill him. In AD 622, he moved north to Medina. He soon gained some followers. Those accepted Muhammad as the messenger of God were called Muslims which means â€Å"one who submits† to God. In AD 630 Muhammad and his followers came back to Mecca and took control of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, the cities of Mecca and Medina are significant in the Islam religion. The year 622 which Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina is also significant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muhammad died in AD 632. His elected successor, Abu Bakr, declared the jihad or holy war from Medina and Mecca to win the world from Spain to India. When they reached Europe, they were defeated by Charles Martel’s troops at the Battle of Pointiers or known as the Battle of Tours in 732. Faced with opposition in Europe, they turned eastward to Central Asia, India, and Indonesia. Today, Islam is the major religion in the Middle East, North Africa, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, and Indonesia.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Muslims respect and honor Muhammad, they do not worship him. He is considered to be one of the prophets or messengers of God along with Moses, Abraham, and Jesus. The Teachings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Islamic book is called the Koran which means the â€Å"recitation.† Parts of the Koran resembles the Bible especially, the Apocrypha and the Talmud. The book has many stories of the Old Testament prophets and Jesus whom was called the â€Å"Word of God.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many tenets in Islam are identical to those of Christianity. The Koran teaches the absolute unity of the power of God. It teaches that God is merciful and just.